Vaccine misinformation
Anti-vaccination activists and other people spread a variety of rumors, including overblown claims about side effects, a story about COVID-19 being spread by childhood vaccines, misrepresentations about how the immune system works, and when and how
COVID-19 vaccines are made.
Role of mRNA
Further information:
RNA vaccine
mRNA wrongly claiming it would alter a person's DNA
The use of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 has been the basis of misinformation circulated in social media, wrongly claiming that the use of RNA somehow alters a person's DNA.
[279] The DNA alteration conspiracy theory was cited by a Wisconsin hospital pharmacist who deliberately removed 57 vaccine vials from cold storage in December 2020 and was subsequently charged with felony reckless endangerment and criminal damage to property by
Ozaukee County prosecutors.
[280]
mRNA in the
cytosol is very rapidly degraded before it would have time to gain entry into the cell nucleus. (mRNA vaccines must be stored at very low temperature to prevent mRNA degradation.)
Retrovirus can be single-stranded RNA (just as
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is single-stranded RNA) which enters the cell nucleus and uses
reverse transcriptase to make DNA from the RNA in the cell nucleus. A retrovirus has mechanisms to be imported into the nucleus, but other mRNA lack these mechanisms. Once inside the nucleus, creation of DNA from RNA cannot occur without a
primer, which accompanies a retrovirus, but which would not exist for other mRNA if placed in the nucleus.
[281][282] Thus, mRNA vaccines cannot alter DNA because they cannot enter the nucleus, and because they have no primer to activate reverse transcriptase.
mRNA vaccines won't affect your DNA:
https://www.deplatformdisease.com/blog/no-really-mrna-vaccines-are-not-going-to-affect-your-dna
mRNA wrongly claiming it would still be experimental
There is a claim that mRNA vaccines would still be experimental. This has been debunked by the flemish national TV:
[283]. "mRNA Drugs (therapeutic vaccines) have been tested in more than 8 million people over the past decades. At the moment there is no evidence of the development of autoimmune diseases. Based on this information, we may assume that the use of the mRNA technology is justified. - Answer from Professor of Medicine
Drew Weissman - best known for his work with RNA biology that laid the groundwork for the mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 - to our question."
Infertility
In a viral blog post, German politician
Wolfgang Wodarg, together with ex-Pfizer employee
Michael Yeadon, spread misinformation claiming that the
COVID-19 vaccines causes infertility in women. Commenting on these claims,
David Gorski wrote "The sad thing is that this not-so-dynamic duo is stoking real fear that the new COVID-19 vaccines will make women infertile and is doing it based on speculative nonsense".
[284]
https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/it-was-inevitable-that-antivaxxers-would-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-make-females-infertile/
Polio vaccine as a claimed COVID-19 carrier
Social media posts in
Cameroon pushed a conspiracy theory that
polio vaccines contained coronavirus, further complicating
polio eradication beyond the logistical and funding difficulties created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
[285]
Bell's palsy
Claims have been circulated on social media that the
Pfizer‑BioNTech COVID‑19 vaccine (active ingredient tozinameran) causes
Bell's palsy. While it's true that, during the trial, four of the 22,000 trial participants did have Bell's palsy, the FDA observed that the "frequency of reported Bell's palsy in the vaccine group is consistent with the expected background rate in the general population".
[286]
Antibody-dependent enhancement
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is the phenomenon by which the immune system can overreact to the introduction of material against which it already has antibodies. ADE has been observed in animal studies during the development of coronavirus vaccines, but as of 14 December 2020 there had been no observed incidences in human vaccine trials. Nevertheless
anti-vaccination activists falsely cite ADE as a reason to avoid vaccination against COVID-19.
[284][287]
This alone refutes the video "Vaccine Mix Up" on The Highwire:
https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/no-evidence-that-covid-19-vaccines-cause-more-severe-disease-antibody-dependent-enhancement-has-not-been-observed-in-clinical-trials/
Claims about a vaccine before one existed
Multiple social media posts promoted a conspiracy theory claiming that in the early stages of the pandemic, the virus was known and that a vaccine was already available.
PolitiFact and
FactCheck.org noted that no vaccine existed for COVID-19 at that point. The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the
SARS coronavirus.
[288][289] The WHO reported that as of 5 February 2020, despite news reports of "breakthrough drugs" being discovered, there were no treatments known to be effective;
[290] this included antibiotics and herbal remedies not being useful.
[291]
On Facebook, a widely shared post claimed in April 2020 that seven Senegalese children had died because they had received a COVID-19 vaccine. No such vaccine existed, although some were in clinical trials at that time.
[292]
Aborted fetus material in the vaccine
Further information:
Use of fetal tissue in vaccine development
In November 2020, claims circulated on the web that
AZD1222, a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca, "contained" tissue from aborted fetuses. While it is true that
cell lines derived from a fetus aborted in 1970 plays a role in the vaccine development process, the molecules are completely separate from the vaccine itself.
[293][294]