Before we get deeper into this discussion, I want to make it clear, I am not blaming bad teachers as the sole reason some schools are bad or why some students don't learn. I think I have made it clear earlier in this thread that parents take a huge responsibility in making sure their child is coming to school with the right attitude and prepared to learn.
I also don't have this view that American public schools are horrible and the entire system needs to be torn apart.
That said....let me try to combine all my thoughts on education.
First and foremost, I believe that failing schools are a symptom of failing communities. They are not the CAUSE of those failed communities. The school system is only going to be successful if the community supports it and the parents in that community do what is necessary to send kids into the system with the right attitude of respect for others (including teachers) and with the right attitude that learning is important. This starts with the parents raising the kids to understand the end game of education. Maybe the kid is preparing to go to college, get a job, join the military. Too many kids just go to school and go through the motions with absolutely no goal in life beyond the next day. Once kids understand and think of the future, school becomes more meaningful and thus they will take it more seriously.
From there, the education system can do some things to help themselves out too.
a) They must have the ability to separate out kids who are there only to cause problems. There are schools in the US where I would be scared to death to send my kid because I would fear for their safety. How in the heck is a teacher supposed to actually teach bright young kids in that type of an environment. They all know the kids who are causing the problems and dealing drugs or causing violence. Get those kids out of the system of the general student population. School should be a safe place where kids who want to learn can go do just that. Don't get me wrong. I'm still in favor of attempting to educate all kids. But, when a kid or group of kids are holding everyone else back, something needs to happen.
b) Like I have said, the school also needs to have a system where they can continually improve their staff. I am all for improving the pay for GOOD teachers. I have had some teachers when i was growing up are worth an incredible amount of money for what they did for kids they came into contact with in their classes. One of them just won an election to the state board of education.
Like I have said, all employee groups have a bad, good, better, best level of competence. Just because someone is in a job X number of years, shouldn't mean they are untouchable. Maybe the administration that was in place in their first three years did suck. Maybe a new administration is there now that is good and wants to improve. That new administration should be able to get rid of dead weight, replace them with teachers that are good at motivating kids and teaching them. They then should have the funds and ability to reward the best teachers without having to also give unwarranted raises to teachers that don't deserve it.
Let's say the starting wage for a new teacher out of college is $30,000 and over the next 10 years, the typical contract allows them to get up to $50,000. (I have no clue what the real numbers are. Just using these for an example). Now, In this example, let's say all teachers started the same day to keep it simple. There will be some bad teachers that get replaced. There will be some that perform decent and rightfully so are kept on and get the typical raises. Now....let's say there are 8 teachers in the system that are exceptional. They go above and beyond just standing there and spewing out crap for kids to take notes. Kids truly are motivated and inspired by these teachers and become better people. Why shouldn't the system be able to pay THESE teachers say $100,000 per year? (yes, I'm assuming it's funded. Funding is not a part of this example). But....let's also say there is a teacher that was decent but after 5 years lost the desire to give a crap. They should be able to get rid of that teacher and hopefully get one that ends up making $100,000.
Continually improve by rewarding the best and getting rid of the worst.
PS...also...I am not in favor of just shutting down schools that don't perform. I would think those schools are there for a reason. There are kids that need educated. If schools are not performing, administrations should be replaced and then given the power to do what is necessary to improve the system. But....the tough part is....it still gets back to the community around the school.