Evans found that the majority of these users believe they were radicalized by consuming online content — and, among those users, “YouTube seems to be the single most frequently discussed website.” Specifically, Evans writes, “15 out of 75 fascist activists we studied credited YouTube videos with their red-pilling.”
The radicalization process these users describe is interesting. It’s not that they logged on to YouTube and immediately started watching hardcore racist videos. Rather, they started by watching content from conservative YouTube stars like Ben Shapiro, people who are far-right by mainstream standards but tame by alt-right ones. These people helped them connect to further-right figures, and eventually converted them to the far-right.
“I was a moderate republican once. It was people [on the fringe of the mainstream right] that got me to where I am now,” wrote
one Discord user in Evans’s report. “That’s why I like those groups even still, because if we just had the Fascists, we’d never convert anyone.”